Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.
AWorldinTransition
A)Thisyearopensinthewakeofthe2015ParisClimateChangeConference(COP21)andthelaunchoftheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Theformersetsouttoreachanagreementoncarbonemissions,whereasthelatteraimstocombatpovertyandinequalitywhileprotectingtheenvironment.Bothaddresscriticalsetsofchallengeswithprofoundimplicationsforthewaytheworldoperates.Andbothrequireseriousconsiderationsaboutenergy.
B)It'sclearthatdealingwithclimatechangecallsfordeep(and,likely,total)decarbonizationofourenergysystem,whichentailsafundamentaltransformationofourinfrastructure.Italsodemandsimmediateandrapidaction,asourwindowforavoidingthedisastrousconsequencesofcarbonemissionsisevershrinking.Yetatthesametime,globalenergydemandcontinuestorise,particularlyinemerginganddevelopingcountries,raisingconcernsaboutenergysecurityeveninthedevelopedworld,whereonerarelyconsidersthatthelightsmaynotcomeonwhentheswitchisflipped.Howdowemeetdemandandstillachievetherequiredrapidchangeswhenmakingdecisionsaboutenergysupplycantakeyears,andthedevelopmentandconstructionofenergysourcescantakeevenlonger?
C)Scienceandtechnologyundoubtedlyplayavitalrole.Researcheffortscontinuetofurnishuswithfreshinsightsintofundamentalphenomenathathelpusdevelopbetterdevicesandprocessesforgeneratingorstoringenergy.Forexample,newstudiesofphotovoltaicsareenablingmoreefficientcellstobeconstructed,andpresentingcheaper,moreflexibleapproachestobuildingthem;newfindingsintointerfacialorcatalyticphenomenagenerateadvancesinstoragetechnologiesthatcouldbolsterdeploymentofintermittentrenewablesandreshapethegrid;adeeperunderstandingofmaterialsandchemistrycanoffermoreefficientroutestothegenerationoffuels.Technologyinnovationbringsawealthofnewapplications,overcomingissuesofsupplyorenergyefficiency,allowingustoaddressmanyofthechallengeswefacetodayandhopefullymanyofthosewearen'tyetawareof.
D)Yettobelievethattechnologyalonewillsaveusistoforgetthattechnologiesmustbeusedbypeople.Itisnotenoughtojustbuildandimplementnewtechnologies:thewayweuse,interactwith,andthinkaboutthemiscriticalaswell.Givenseveraloptionsofequalscientificmerit,thechoiceofwhichtopursuedependsonsocial,cultural,economicandpoliticalfactors.Thus,weshouldn'tforgetthatscienceandtechnologyformpartofabiggerandmorecomplicatedsystem,fullofimportantfeedbacksandloops.Ifwecanbetterunderstandthewaythatindividualsandsocietiesengagewithenergyondifferentlevels,wecandesignbettertoolsordeploytheminmoreappropriateways,reapinggreaterrewards.
E)Considerphotovoltaics.Understandinghowtoimprovetheefficiencyofasolarcellisjustonestepintheprocessofincreasingtheuseofsolarpower:wemustalsoknowhowtobuildmodulesthatarelong-lastinganddurable;thatarecheaptoproduceatscaleandeasytoinstall;orthatcanfulfilfunctionsthatotherdesignscan't.Tomakesolarpowercompetitiveinthemarketplace,wehavetothinkaboutsubsidiesandwhatlevelofeconomicsupportmightberequiredoverwhatperiod.Therearealsoissuesaroundwheretoinstallsolarpanels:wherearegoodlocations,whydopeopleobjecttobuildingsolarfarmsneartothem,whatmotivatessomepeopletoinstallsolarpowerandotherstorefusetoadoptit?Solarpower(aswellasotherrenewablesourceslikewind)alsoenablesindividuals,communities,townsandcitiestopowerthemselvesindependentlyofcentralizedprovidersandtobecomeproducersofenergyaswellasconsumers,sellingexcesselectricitybacktothegrid.Thisgivesrisetoanumberoffurtherchallengesforgridoperation,businessmodels,regulationandgovernance.Andthisisalltosaynothingoftheadditionalopportunitiesthatopenupwhenphotovoltaicsarelinkedtoothertechnologies,likestorageorsmartgrids.Bythinkingmorecarefullyatasystemslevel,combiningnaturalandsocialscienceconsiderations,wecanmovetowardsamoreintegrated,flexibleenergysystemthatbetterfulfillsourgoals.
F)Noonedisciplinecantrulyclaimtohavealltheanswerstoourenergychallenges.Whatisneededisamultiplicityofvoices---acombinedeffortfrommanydisciplinesalltryingtounderstandhowwecanfacilitatetheenergytransitionbutalsoallinteractingwithoneanother,sharingthebenefitsoftheirwisdomforthemutualgood.Ofcourse,thismultitudespeaksmanydifferentlanguages.Multi-andinterdisciplinarystudies---ofwhichthereareanever-growingnumber---helpherebyplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinremovingthetraditionalboundariesbetweengroupsandbroadeningtheconversation.
G)Byorientingitselfaroundasubject,notadiscipline,NatureEnergyhopestobeahomeforthemanydifferentvoicesneeded,publishingthebestresearchandopiniononenergyissuesacrossthenaturalandsocialsciences.Italsopresentsperspectivesandopinionsondifferentaspectsoftheenergysystem,fromcarboncaptureandstorageprojectstogridbalancingandstorageforrenewables.Itwantstopublishtheresearchthatmattersthemosttoeachfieldbutthatwillalsobeofinterestandinfluentialforpeopleworkingelsewhereinenergy.
H)Energyisanenormousbutexcitingfield.Thetransitiontothecleaner,greener,fairerenergysystemofthefutureisunderway.NatureEnergylooksforwardtohelpingspeeditalong.
______11.NatureEnergyhopestoserveasaforumforthespreadanddiscussionofpressingenergyquestions.
______12.Energyisanimportantpartinthedevelopmentplansmadefortheworld.
______13.Scientificresearchesgiveusgreatideasofexploringnewenergysources.
______14.Manyfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationasweplantousenewenergy.
______15.Howtousethesolarpowerwellisagoodexampleofincorporatingbothnaturalandsocialscienceconsiderations.
______16.Carbonemissionshavecausedseriousproblemstomankind.
______17.Energytransitioncallsforjointeffortsfrommanydisciplines.
______18.Theenergyissueposesachallengenotonlyforthedevelopingcountriesbutalsoforthedevelopedones.
______19.Withsupport,theenergyindustryischangingforabetterfuture.
______20.Solarenergydiffersfromtraditionalsourcesinthatindividualscanjoinintheproductionofenergy.
AWorldinTransition
A)Thisyearopensinthewakeofthe2015ParisClimateChangeConference(COP21)andthelaunchoftheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Theformersetsouttoreachanagreementoncarbonemissions,whereasthelatteraimstocombatpovertyandinequalitywhileprotectingtheenvironment.Bothaddresscriticalsetsofchallengeswithprofoundimplicationsforthewaytheworldoperates.Andbothrequireseriousconsiderationsaboutenergy.
B)It'sclearthatdealingwithclimatechangecallsfordeep(and,likely,total)decarbonizationofourenergysystem,whichentailsafundamentaltransformationofourinfrastructure.Italsodemandsimmediateandrapidaction,asourwindowforavoidingthedisastrousconsequencesofcarbonemissionsisevershrinking.Yetatthesametime,globalenergydemandcontinuestorise,particularlyinemerginganddevelopingcountries,raisingconcernsaboutenergysecurityeveninthedevelopedworld,whereonerarelyconsidersthatthelightsmaynotcomeonwhentheswitchisflipped.Howdowemeetdemandandstillachievetherequiredrapidchangeswhenmakingdecisionsaboutenergysupplycantakeyears,andthedevelopmentandconstructionofenergysourcescantakeevenlonger?
C)Scienceandtechnologyundoubtedlyplayavitalrole.Researcheffortscontinuetofurnishuswithfreshinsightsintofundamentalphenomenathathelpusdevelopbetterdevicesandprocessesforgeneratingorstoringenergy.Forexample,newstudiesofphotovoltaicsareenablingmoreefficientcellstobeconstructed,andpresentingcheaper,moreflexibleapproachestobuildingthem;newfindingsintointerfacialorcatalyticphenomenagenerateadvancesinstoragetechnologiesthatcouldbolsterdeploymentofintermittentrenewablesandreshapethegrid;adeeperunderstandingofmaterialsandchemistrycanoffermoreefficientroutestothegenerationoffuels.Technologyinnovationbringsawealthofnewapplications,overcomingissuesofsupplyorenergyefficiency,allowingustoaddressmanyofthechallengeswefacetodayandhopefullymanyofthosewearen'tyetawareof.
D)Yettobelievethattechnologyalonewillsaveusistoforgetthattechnologiesmustbeusedbypeople.Itisnotenoughtojustbuildandimplementnewtechnologies:thewayweuse,interactwith,andthinkaboutthemiscriticalaswell.Givenseveraloptionsofequalscientificmerit,thechoiceofwhichtopursuedependsonsocial,cultural,economicandpoliticalfactors.Thus,weshouldn'tforgetthatscienceandtechnologyformpartofabiggerandmorecomplicatedsystem,fullofimportantfeedbacksandloops.Ifwecanbetterunderstandthewaythatindividualsandsocietiesengagewithenergyondifferentlevels,wecandesignbettertoolsordeploytheminmoreappropriateways,reapinggreaterrewards.
E)Considerphotovoltaics.Understandinghowtoimprovetheefficiencyofasolarcellisjustonestepintheprocessofincreasingtheuseofsolarpower:wemustalsoknowhowtobuildmodulesthatarelong-lastinganddurable;thatarecheaptoproduceatscaleandeasytoinstall;orthatcanfulfilfunctionsthatotherdesignscan't.Tomakesolarpowercompetitiveinthemarketplace,wehavetothinkaboutsubsidiesandwhatlevelofeconomicsupportmightberequiredoverwhatperiod.Therearealsoissuesaroundwheretoinstallsolarpanels:wherearegoodlocations,whydopeopleobjecttobuildingsolarfarmsneartothem,whatmotivatessomepeopletoinstallsolarpowerandotherstorefusetoadoptit?Solarpower(aswellasotherrenewablesourceslikewind)alsoenablesindividuals,communities,townsandcitiestopowerthemselvesindependentlyofcentralizedprovidersandtobecomeproducersofenergyaswellasconsumers,sellingexcesselectricitybacktothegrid.Thisgivesrisetoanumberoffurtherchallengesforgridoperation,businessmodels,regulationandgovernance.Andthisisalltosaynothingoftheadditionalopportunitiesthatopenupwhenphotovoltaicsarelinkedtoothertechnologies,likestorageorsmartgrids.Bythinkingmorecarefullyatasystemslevel,combiningnaturalandsocialscienceconsiderations,wecanmovetowardsamoreintegrated,flexibleenergysystemthatbetterfulfillsourgoals.
F)Noonedisciplinecantrulyclaimtohavealltheanswerstoourenergychallenges.Whatisneededisamultiplicityofvoices---acombinedeffortfrommanydisciplinesalltryingtounderstandhowwecanfacilitatetheenergytransitionbutalsoallinteractingwithoneanother,sharingthebenefitsoftheirwisdomforthemutualgood.Ofcourse,thismultitudespeaksmanydifferentlanguages.Multi-andinterdisciplinarystudies---ofwhichthereareanever-growingnumber---helpherebyplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinremovingthetraditionalboundariesbetweengroupsandbroadeningtheconversation.
G)Byorientingitselfaroundasubject,notadiscipline,NatureEnergyhopestobeahomeforthemanydifferentvoicesneeded,publishingthebestresearchandopiniononenergyissuesacrossthenaturalandsocialsciences.Italsopresentsperspectivesandopinionsondifferentaspectsoftheenergysystem,fromcarboncaptureandstorageprojectstogridbalancingandstorageforrenewables.Itwantstopublishtheresearchthatmattersthemosttoeachfieldbutthatwillalsobeofinterestandinfluentialforpeopleworkingelsewhereinenergy.
H)Energyisanenormousbutexcitingfield.Thetransitiontothecleaner,greener,fairerenergysystemofthefutureisunderway.NatureEnergylooksforwardtohelpingspeeditalong.
______11.NatureEnergyhopestoserveasaforumforthespreadanddiscussionofpressingenergyquestions.
______12.Energyisanimportantpartinthedevelopmentplansmadefortheworld.
______13.Scientificresearchesgiveusgreatideasofexploringnewenergysources.
______14.Manyfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationasweplantousenewenergy.
______15.Howtousethesolarpowerwellisagoodexampleofincorporatingbothnaturalandsocialscienceconsiderations.
______16.Carbonemissionshavecausedseriousproblemstomankind.
______17.Energytransitioncallsforjointeffortsfrommanydisciplines.
______18.Theenergyissueposesachallengenotonlyforthedevelopingcountriesbutalsoforthedevelopedones.
______19.Withsupport,theenergyindustryischangingforabetterfuture.
______20.Solarenergydiffersfromtraditionalsourcesinthatindividualscanjoinintheproductionofenergy.
举一反三
- 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
- 10选项 × × ✔ × × ✔ × × × ×题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20选项 ✔ × × ✔ × ✔ × ✔ × ×
- 【单选题】对关键字序列 (15 , 18 , 11 , 13 , 19 , 16 , 12 , 17 , 10 , 8) 进行两趟 直接插入排序的结果是()。 A. (15 ， 18 ， 11 ， 13 ， 19 ， 16 ， 12 ， 17 ， 10 ， 8) B. (11 ， 15 ， 18 ， 13 ， 19 ， 16 ， 12 ， 17 ， 10 ， 8) C. (8 ， 10 ， 15 ， 18 ， 11 ， 13 ， 19 ， 16 ， 12 ， 17) D. (8 ， 15 ， 18 ， 11 ， 13 ， 19 ， 16 ， 12 ， 17 ， 10)
- 近中着丝粒染色体包括下列哪一组？ A: 1、 3、16、19、20 B: 13、14、15、16、17、18 C: 13、14、15、21、21、Y D: 19、20、21、22
- rDNA位于（ ）号染色体上。 A: 13、14、15、21、22 B: 12、13、14、21、22 C: 15、16、17、21、22 D: 4、5、13、14、15 E: 13、14、15、19、20